✎ en:wiki:syntax [pdc2]

<h1 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" role="presentation" class="iconify mr-2"><path d="M13 9h5.5L13 3.5V9M6 2h8l6 6v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4c0-1.11.89-2 2-2m9 16v-2H6v2h9m3-4v-2H6v2h12z"/></svg> Formatting Syntax</h1>
<div class="level1">

<p>
<a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoDokuWikicIWIKIc" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoDokuWikicIWIKIc">DokuWiki</a> supports some simple markup language, which tries to make the datafiles to be as readable as possible. This page contains all possible syntax you may use when editing the pages. Simply have a look at the source of this page by pressing "Edit this page". If you want to try something, just use the <a href="/doku.php?id=playground:playground" class="wikilink2" title="playground:playground" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="playground:playground">playground</a> page. The simpler markup is easily accessible via <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIotoolbarcIWIKIc" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIotoolbarcIWIKIc">quickbuttons</a>, too.
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Basic Text Formatting</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
DokuWiki supports <b>bold</b>, <em>italic</em>, <u>underlined</u> and <code>monospaced</code> texts. Of course you can <b><u><em><code>combine</code></em></u></b> all these.
</p>
<pre class="code">DokuWiki supports **bold**, //italic//, __underlined__ and ''monospaced'' texts.
Of course you can **__//''combine''//__** all these.

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
Note that the formatting markers have to directly enclose the text, so <code>&lt;nowiki>&#42;&#42; bold &#42;&#42;&lt;/nowiki></code> with spaces inside the markers will not be formatted.
</p>

<p>
You can use <sub>subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup>, too.
</p>
<pre class="code">You can use <sub>subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup>, too.

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
You can mark something as <strike>deleted</strike> as well.
</p>
<pre class="code">You can mark something as <del>deleted</del> as well.

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
<b>Paragraphs</b> are created from blank lines. If you want to <b>force a newline</b> without a paragraph, you can use two backslashes followed by a whitespace or the end of line.
</p>

<p>
This is some text with some linebreaks<br/>
Note that the
two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line  <br/>
 or followed by<br/>
a whitespace \this happens without it.
</p>
<pre class="code">This is some text with some linebreaks\\ Note that the
two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line  \\    or followed by\\ a whitespace \\this happens without it.

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
You should use forced newlines only if really needed.
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Links</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
DokuWiki supports multiple ways of creating links.
</p>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">External</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
External links are recognized automagically: <a href="http://www.google.com" class="urlextern" title="http://www.google.com" rel="ugc nofollow">http://www.google.com</a> or simply <a href="http://www.google.com" class="urlextern" title="http://www.google.com" rel="ugc nofollow">www.google.com</a> - You can set the link text as well: <a href="http://www.google.com" class="urlextern" title="http://www.google.com" rel="ugc nofollow">This Link points to google</a>. Email addresses like this one: <andi@splitbrain.org> are recognized, too.
</p>
<pre class="code">DokuWiki supports multiple ways of creating links. External links are recognized
automagically: http://www.google.com or simply www.google.com - You can set
link text as well: [[http://www.google.com|This Link points to google]]. Email
addresses like this one: &lt;andi@splitbrain.org> are recognized, too.

</pre><p> </p>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Internal</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
Internal links are created by using square brackets. You can either just give a <a href="/doku.php?id=en:wiki:pagename" class="wikilink2" title="en:wiki:pagename" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="en:wiki:pagename">pagename</a> or use an additional <a href="/doku.php?id=en:wiki:pagename" class="wikilink2" title="en:wiki:pagename" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="en:wiki:pagename">link text</a>.
</p>
<pre class="code">Internal links are created by using square brackets. You can either just give
a [[pagename]] or use an additional [[pagename|link text]].

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
<a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/pagename" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/pagename">Wiki pagenames</a> are converted to lowercase automatically, special characters are not allowed.
</p>

<p>
You can use <a href="/doku.php?id=some:namespaces" class="wikilink2" title="some:namespaces" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="some:namespaces">namespaces</a> by using a colon in the pagename.
</p>
<pre class="code">You can use [[some:namespaces]] by using a colon in the pagename.

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
For details about namespaces see <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/namespaces" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/namespaces">namespaces</a>.
</p>

<p>
Linking to a specific section is possible, too. Just add the section name behind a hash character as known from HTML. This links to <a href="/doku.php?id=en:wiki:syntax#internal" class="wikilink1" title="en:wiki:syntax" data-wiki-id="en:wiki:syntax">this Section</a>.
</p>
<pre class="code">This links to [[syntax#internal|this Section]].

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
Notes:
</p>
<ul class="fix-media-list-overlap">
<li class="level1"> Links to <a href="/doku.php?id=en:wiki:syntax" class="wikilink1" title="en:wiki:syntax" data-wiki-id="en:wiki:syntax">existing pages</a> are shown in a different style from <a href="/doku.php?id=en:wiki:nonexisting" class="wikilink2" title="en:wiki:nonexisting" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="en:wiki:nonexisting">nonexisting</a> ones.</li>
<li class="level1"> DokuWiki does not use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase" class="interwiki iw_wp" title="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase">CamelCase</a> to automatically create links by default, but this behavior can be enabled in the <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoconfigcIWIKIc" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoconfigcIWIKIc">config</a> file. Hint: If DokuWiki is a link, then it's enabled.</li>
<li class="level1"> When a section's heading is changed, its bookmark changes, too. So don't rely on section linking too much.</li>
</ul>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Interwiki</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
DokuWiki supports <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoInterwikicIWIKIc" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoInterwikicIWIKIc">Interwiki</a> links. These are quick links to other Wikis. For example this is a link to Wikipedia's page about Wikis: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oIWIKIoWikicIWIKIc" class="interwiki iw_wp" title="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oIWIKIoWikicIWIKIc">Wiki</a>.
</p>
<pre class="code">DokuWiki supports [[doku>oIWIKIoInterwikicIWIKIc]] links. These are quick links to other Wikis.
For example this is a link to Wikipedia's page about Wikis: [[wp>oIWIKIoWikicIWIKIc]].

</pre><p> </p>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Windows Shares</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
Windows shares like <a href="file://///server/share" class="windows" title="\\server\share">this</a> are recognized, too. Please note that these only make sense in a homogeneous user group like a corporate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oIWIKIoIntranetcIWIKIc" class="interwiki iw_wp" title="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oIWIKIoIntranetcIWIKIc">Intranet</a>.
</p>
<pre class="code">Windows Shares like [[\\server\share|this]] are recognized, too.

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
Notes:
</p>
<ul class="fix-media-list-overlap">
<li class="level1"> For security reasons direct browsing of windows shares only works in Microsoft Internet Explorer per default (and only in the "local zone").</li>
<li class="level1"> For Mozilla and Firefox it can be enabled through different workaround mentioned in the <a href="http://kb.mozillazine.org/Links_to_local_pages_do_not_work" class="urlextern" title="http://kb.mozillazine.org/Links_to_local_pages_do_not_work" rel="ugc nofollow">Mozilla Knowledge Base</a>. However, there will still be a JavaScript warning about trying to open a Windows Share. To remove this warning (for all users), put the following line in <code>conf/lang/en/lang.php</code> (more details at <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/localization#changing_some_localized_texts_and_strings_in_your_installation" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/localization#changing_some_localized_texts_and_strings_in_your_installation">localization</a>): <dl class="code">
<dt><a href="/doku.php?do=export_code&id=en:wiki:syntax&codeblock=0" title="Download Snippet" class="mediafile mf_php">conf/lang/en/lang.php</a></dt>
<dd><pre class="code">< ?php
/**
 * Customization of the english language file
 * Copy only the strings that needs to be modified
 */
$lang['js']['nosmblinks'] = '';

</pre><p> </p>
</dd></dl>
</li>
</ul>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Image Links</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
You can also use an image to link to another internal or external page by combining the syntax for links and <a href="#images_and_other_files" title="en:wiki:syntax ↵" class="wikilink1">images</a> (see below) like this:
</p>
<pre class="code">[[http://php.net|{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}]]

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
Please note: The image formatting is the only formatting syntax accepted in link names.
</p>

<p>
The whole <a href="#images_and_other_files" title="en:wiki:syntax ↵" class="wikilink1">image</a> and <a href="#links" title="en:wiki:syntax ↵" class="wikilink1">link</a> syntax is supported (including image resizing, internal and external images and URLs and interwiki links).
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Footnotes</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
You can add footnotes <sup><a href="#fn__1" id="fnt__1" class="fn_top">1)</a></sup> by using double parentheses.
</p>
<pre class="code">You can add footnotes ((This is a footnote)) by using double parentheses.

</pre><p> </p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Sectioning</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
You can use up to five different levels of headlines to structure your content. If you have more than three headlines, a table of contents is generated automatically – this can be disabled by including the string <code>&lt;nowiki>~ ~ NOTOC~ ~ &lt;/nowiki></code> in the document.
</p>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Headline Level 3</h3>
<div class="level3">

</div>

<h4>Headline Level 4</h4>
<div class="level4">

</div>

<h5>Headline Level 5</h5>
<div class="level5">
<pre class="code">==== Headline Level 3 ====
=== Headline Level 4 ===
== Headline Level 5 ==

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
By using four or more dashes, you can make a horizontal line:
</p>
<hr />

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Media Files</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
You can include external and internal <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/images" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/images">images, videos and audio files</a> with curly brackets. Optionally you can specify the size of them.
</p>

<p>
Resize to given width:            <a href="/lib/exe/detail.php?id=en%3Awiki%3Asyntax&media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="media" title="wiki:dokuwiki-128.png"><img src="/lib/exe/fetch.php?w=50&tok=23e902&media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="media img-responsive" loading="lazy" alt="" width="50" /></a>
</p>

<p>
Resize to given width and height<sup><a href="#fn__2" id="fnt__2" class="fn_top">2)</a></sup>: <a href="/lib/exe/detail.php?id=en%3Awiki%3Asyntax&media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="media" title="wiki:dokuwiki-128.png"><img src="/lib/exe/fetch.php?w=200&h=50&tok=a1c71e&media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="media img-responsive" loading="lazy" alt="" width="200" height="50" /></a>
</p>

<p>
Resized external image:           <a href="/lib/exe/fetch.php?tok=c855b0&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Fimages%2Fphp.gif" class="media" title="https://www.php.net/images/php.gif"><img src="/lib/exe/fetch.php?w=200&h=50&tok=ac5776&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Fimages%2Fphp.gif" class="media img-responsive" loading="lazy" alt="" width="200" height="50" /></a>
</p>
<pre class="code">Real size:                        {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
Resize to given width:            {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?50}}
Resize to given width and height: {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?200x50}}
Resized external image:           {{https://www.php.net/images/php.gif?200x50}}

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
By using left or right whitespaces you can choose the alignment.
</p>

<p>
<a href="/lib/exe/detail.php?id=en%3Awiki%3Asyntax&media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="media" title="wiki:dokuwiki-128.png"><img src="/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="mediacenter img-responsive" loading="lazy" alt="" /></a>
</p>
<pre class="code">{{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png }}
{{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png }}

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
You can also set the alignment explicitly with a <code>?left</code>, <code>?right</code> or <code>?center</code> parameter. This takes precedence over the whitespace alignment above and can be combined with a size.
</p>

<p>
<a href="/lib/exe/detail.php?id=en%3Awiki%3Asyntax&media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="media" title="wiki:dokuwiki-128.png"><img src="/lib/exe/fetch.php?w=100&tok=a9a00c&media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="mediaright img-responsive" loading="lazy" alt="" width="100" /></a>
</p>
<pre class="code">{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?100&right}}

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
Of course, you can add a title (displayed as a tooltip by most browsers), too.
</p>

<p>
<a href="/lib/exe/detail.php?id=en%3Awiki%3Asyntax&media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="media" title="wiki:dokuwiki-128.png"><img src="/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="mediacenter img-responsive" loading="lazy" title="This is the caption" alt="This is the caption" /></a>
</p>
<pre class="code">{{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png |This is the caption}}

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
For linking an image to another page see <a href="#image_links" title="en:wiki:syntax ↵" class="wikilink1">Image Links</a> above.
</p>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Supported Media Formats</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
DokuWiki can embed the following media formats directly.
</p>

<span class='np_break'> </span>
<div class="table-responsive"><table class="inline table table-striped table-condensed">
	<tr class="row0">
		<td class="col0"> Image </td><td class="leftalign"> <code>gif</code>, <code>jpg</code>, <code>png</code>  </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="col0"> Video </td><td class="col1"> <code>webm</code>, <code>ogv</code>, <code>mp4</code> </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="col0"> Audio </td><td class="leftalign"> <code>ogg</code>, <code>mp3</code>, <code>wav</code>  </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="col0"> Flash </td><td class="leftalign"> <code>swf</code>                    </td>
	</tr>
</table>
<span class='np_break'> </span>
</div>
<p>
If you specify a filename that is not a supported media format, then it will be displayed as a link instead.
</p>

<p>
By adding <code>?linkonly</code> you provide a link to the media without displaying it inline
</p>
<pre class="code">{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?linkonly}}

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
<a href="/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=wiki:dokuwiki-128.png" class="media mediafile mf_png" title="wiki:dokuwiki-128.png (27.2 KB)">dokuwiki-128.png</a> This is just a link to the image.
</p>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Fallback Formats</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
Unfortunately not all browsers understand all video and audio formats. To mitigate the problem, you can upload your file in different formats for maximum browser compatibility.
</p>

<p>
For example consider this embedded mp4 video:
</p>
<pre class="code">{{video.mp4|A funny video}}

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
When you upload a <code>video.webm</code> and <code>video.ogv</code> next to the referenced <code>video.mp4</code>, DokuWiki will automatically add them as alternatives so that one of the three files is understood by your browser.
</p>

<p>
Additionally DokuWiki supports a "poster" image which will be shown before the video has started. That image needs to have the same filename as the video and be either a jpg or png file. In the example above a <code>video.jpg</code> file would work.
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Lists</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
Dokuwiki supports ordered and unordered lists. To create a list item, indent your text by two spaces and use a <code>*</code> for unordered lists or a <code>-</code> for ordered ones.
</p>
<ul class="fix-media-list-overlap">
<li class="level1"> This is a list</li>
<li class="level1 node"> The second item<ul class="fix-media-list-overlap">
<li class="level2"> You may have different levels</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="level1"> Another item</li>
</ul>
<ol class="fix-media-list-overlap">
<li class="level1"> The same list but ordered</li>
<li class="level1 node"> Another item<ol class="fix-media-list-overlap">
<li class="level2"> Just use indention for deeper levels</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="level1"> That's it</li>
</ol>
<pre class="code">  * This is a list
  * The second item
    * You may have different levels
  * Another item

- The same list but ordered
  - Another item
    - Just use indention for deeper levels
  - That's it

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
Also take a look at the <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/faq%3Alists" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/faq%3Alists">FAQ on list items</a>.
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Text Conversions</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
DokuWiki can convert certain pre-defined characters or strings into images or other text or HTML.
</p>

<p>
The text to image conversion is mainly done for smileys. And the text to HTML conversion is used for typography replacements, but can be configured to use other HTML as well.
</p>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Text to Image Conversions</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
DokuWiki converts commonly used <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oIWIKIoemoticoncIWIKIc" class="interwiki iw_wp" title="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oIWIKIoemoticoncIWIKIc">emoticon</a>s to their graphical equivalents. Those <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoSmileyscIWIKIc" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoSmileyscIWIKIc">Smileys</a> and other images can be configured and extended. Here is an overview of Smileys included in DokuWiki:
</p>
<ul class="fix-media-list-overlap">
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/cool.svg" class="icon smiley" alt="8-)" /> &lt;nowiki>  8-)  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/eek.svg" class="icon smiley" alt="8-O" /> &lt;nowiki>  8-O  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/sad.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-(" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-&#40;  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/smile.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-)" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-)  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/smile2.svg" class="icon smiley" alt="=)" />  &lt;nowiki>  =)   &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/doubt.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-/" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-&#47;  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/doubt2.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-\" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-\  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/confused.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-?" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-?  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/biggrin.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-D" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-D  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/razz.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-P" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-P  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/surprised.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-O" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-O  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/silenced.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-X" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-X  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/neutral.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":-|" /> &lt;nowiki>  :-|  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/wink.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=";-)" /> &lt;nowiki>  ;-)  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/fun.svg" class="icon smiley" alt="^_^" /> &lt;nowiki>  ^&#95;^  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/facepalm.svg" class="icon smiley" alt="m(" />  &lt;nowiki>  m&#40;   &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/question.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":?:" /> &lt;nowiki>  :?:  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/exclaim.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":!:" /> &lt;nowiki>  :!:  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/lol.svg" class="icon smiley" alt="LOL" /> &lt;nowiki>  LOL  &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/fixme.svg" class="icon smiley" alt="FIXME" /> &lt;nowiki>  FIXME &lt;/nowiki></li>
<li class="level1"> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/deleteme.svg" class="icon smiley" alt="DELETEME" /> &lt;nowiki> DELETEME &lt;/nowiki></li>
</ul>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Text to HTML Conversions</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
Typography: <a href="/doku.php?id=en:wiki:dokuwiki" class="wikilink2" title="en:wiki:dokuwiki" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="en:wiki:dokuwiki">DokuWiki</a> can convert simple text characters to their typographically correct entities. Here is an example of recognized characters.
</p>

<p>
→ <- <→ ⇒ <= <⇒ >> << – — 640×480 © ™ ®
"He thought 'It's a man's world'…"
</p>
<pre class="code">-&gt; &lt;- &lt;-&gt; =&gt; &lt;= &lt;=&gt; >&gt; &lt;< -- --- 640x480 (c) (tm) (r)
"He thought 'It's a man's world'..."

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
The same can be done to produce any kind of HTML, it just needs to be added to the <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/entities" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/entities">pattern file</a>.
</p>

<p>
There are three exceptions which do not come from that pattern file: multiplication entity (640×480), 'single' and "double quotes". They can be turned off through a <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoconfig%3AtypographycIWIKIc" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/oIWIKIoconfig%3AtypographycIWIKIc">config option</a>.
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Quoting</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
Some times you want to mark some text to show it's a reply or comment. You can use the following syntax:
</p>
<pre class="code">I think we should do it

> No we shouldn't<br />

>&gt; Well, I say we should<br />

> Really?<br />

>&gt; Yes!<br />

>&gt;&gt; Then lets do it!<br />

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
I think we should do it
</p>

<p>
> No we shouldn't<br />
</p>

<p>
>> Well, I say we should<br />
</p>

<p>
> Really?<br />
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Tables</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
DokuWiki supports a simple syntax to create tables.
</p>

<span class='np_break'> </span>
<div class="table-responsive"><table class="inline table table-striped table-condensed">
	<thead>
	<tr class="row0">
		<th class="leftalign"> Heading 1      </th><th class="leftalign"> Heading 2       </th><th class="leftalign"> Heading 3          </th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="leftalign"> Row 1 Col 1    </td><td class="leftalign"> Row 1 Col 2     </td><td class="leftalign"> Row 1 Col 3        </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="leftalign"> Row 2 Col 1    </td><td class="col1" colspan="2"> some colspan (note the double pipe) </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="leftalign"> Row 3 Col 1    </td><td class="leftalign"> Row 3 Col 2     </td><td class="leftalign"> Row 3 Col 3        </td>
	</tr>
</table>
<span class='np_break'> </span>
</div>
<p>
Table rows have to start and end with a <code>|</code> for normal rows or a <code>^</code> for headers.
</p>
<pre class="code">^ Heading 1      ^ Heading 2       ^ Heading 3          ^
| Row 1 Col 1    | Row 1 Col 2     | Row 1 Col 3        |
| Row 2 Col 1    | some colspan (note the double pipe) ||
| Row 3 Col 1    | Row 3 Col 2     | Row 3 Col 3        |

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
To connect cells horizontally, just make the next cell completely empty as shown above. Be sure to have always the same amount of cell separators!
</p>

<p>
Vertical tableheaders are possible, too.
</p>

<span class='np_break'> </span>
<div class="table-responsive"><table class="inline table table-striped table-condensed">
	<thead>
	<tr class="row0">
		<td class="leftalign">              </td><th class="leftalign"> Heading 1            </th><th class="leftalign"> Heading 2          </th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tr class="row1">
		<th class="leftalign"> Heading 3    </th><td class="leftalign"> Row 1 Col 2          </td><td class="leftalign"> Row 1 Col 3        </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<th class="leftalign"> Heading 4    </th><td class="col1"> no colspan this time </td><td class="leftalign">                    </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<th class="leftalign"> Heading 5    </th><td class="leftalign"> Row 2 Col 2          </td><td class="leftalign"> Row 2 Col 3        </td>
	</tr>
</table>
<span class='np_break'> </span>
</div>
<p>
As you can see, it's the cell separator before a cell which decides about the formatting:
</p>
<pre class="code">|   ^ Heading 1            ^ Heading 2          ^
^ Heading 3    | Row 1 Col 2          | Row 1 Col 3        |
^ Heading 4    | no colspan this time |   |
^ Heading 5    | Row 2 Col 2          | Row 2 Col 3        |

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
You can have rowspans (vertically connected cells) by adding <code>&lt;nowiki>:::&lt;/nowiki></code> into the cells below the one to which they should connect.
</p>

<span class='np_break'> </span>
<div class="table-responsive"><table class="inline table table-striped table-condensed">
	<thead>
	<tr class="row0">
		<th class="leftalign"> Heading 1      </th><th class="leftalign"> Heading 2                  </th><th class="leftalign"> Heading 3          </th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="leftalign"> Row 1 Col 1    </td><td class="col1" rowspan="3"> this cell spans vertically </td><td class="leftalign"> Row 1 Col 3        </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="leftalign"> Row 2 Col 1    </td><td class="leftalign"> Row 2 Col 3        </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="leftalign"> Row 3 Col 1    </td><td class="leftalign"> Row 2 Col 3        </td>
	</tr>
</table>
<span class='np_break'> </span>
</div>
<p>
Apart from the rowspan syntax those cells should not contain anything else.
</p>
<pre class="code">^ Heading 1      ^ Heading 2                  ^ Heading 3          ^
| Row 1 Col 1    | this cell spans vertically | Row 1 Col 3        |
| Row 2 Col 1    | :::                        | Row 2 Col 3        |
| Row 3 Col 1    | :::                        | Row 2 Col 3        |

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
You can align the table contents, too. Just add at least two whitespaces at the opposite end of your text: Add two spaces on the left to align right, two spaces on the right to align left and two spaces at least at both ends for centered text.
</p>

<span class='np_break'> </span>
<div class="table-responsive"><table class="inline table table-striped table-condensed">
	<thead>
	<tr class="row0">
		<th class="centeralign" colspan="3">           Table with alignment           </th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="rightalign">         right</td><td class="centeralign">    center    </td><td class="leftalign">left          </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="leftalign">left          </td><td class="rightalign">         right</td><td class="centeralign">    center    </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="col0"> xxxxxxxxxxxx </td><td class="col1"> xxxxxxxxxxxx </td><td class="col2"> xxxxxxxxxxxx </td>
	</tr>
</table>
<span class='np_break'> </span>
</div>
<p>
This is how it looks in the source:
</p>
<pre class="code">^           Table with alignment           ^^^
|         right|    center    |left          |
|left          |         right|    center    |
| xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx |

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
Note: Vertical alignment is not supported.
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">No Formatting</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
If you need to display text exactly like it is typed (without any formatting), enclose the area either with <code>&lt; nowiki &gt;</code> tags or even simpler, with double percent signs <code>&lt;nowiki>&#37;&#37;&lt;/nowiki></code>.
</p>

<p>
&lt;nowiki>
This is some text which contains addresses like this: http:&#47;&#47;www&#46;splitbrain&#46;org and &#42;&#42;formatting&#42;&#42;, but nothing is done with it&#46;
&lt;/nowiki>
The same is true for &lt;nowiki>&#47;&#47;&#95;&#95;this&#95;&#95; text&#47;&#47; with a smiley ;-)&lt;/nowiki>.
</p>
<pre class="code">&lt;nowiki><nowiki>
This is some text which contains addresses like this: http:&#47;&#47;www&#46;splitbrain&#46;org and &#42;&#42;formatting&#42;&#42;, but nothing is done with it&#46;
&lt;/nowiki></nowiki>
The same is true for &lt;nowiki><nowiki>&#47;&#47;&#95;&#95;this&#95;&#95; text&#47;&#47; with a smiley ;-)&lt;/nowiki></nowiki>.

</pre><p> </p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Code Blocks</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
You can include code blocks into your documents by either indenting them by at least two spaces (like used for the previous examples) or by using the tags <code>&lt;code&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;file&gt;</code>.
</p>
<pre class="code">This is text is indented by two spaces.

</pre><p> </p>
<pre class="code">This is preformatted code all spaces are preserved: like              &lt;-this

</pre><p> </p>
<pre class="file">This is pretty much the same, but you could use it to show that you quoted a file.

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
Those blocks were created by this source:
</p>
<pre class="code">  This is text is indented by two spaces.

</pre><p> </p>
<pre class="code"><code>
This is preformatted code all spaces are preserved: like              &lt;-this

</code>

</pre><p> </p>
<pre class="code"><file>
This is pretty much the same, but you could use it to show that you quoted a file.

</file>

</pre><p> </p>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Syntax Highlighting</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
<a href="/doku.php?id=wiki:dokuwiki" class="wikilink1" title="wiki:dokuwiki" data-wiki-id="wiki:dokuwiki">DokuWiki</a> can highlight sourcecode, which makes it easier to read. It uses the <a href="http://qbnz.com/highlighter/" class="urlextern" title="http://qbnz.com/highlighter/" rel="ugc nofollow">GeSHi</a> Generic Syntax Highlighter – so any language supported by GeSHi is supported. The syntax uses the same code and file blocks described in the previous section, but this time the name of the language syntax to be highlighted is included inside the tag, e.g. <code>&lt;nowiki>&#60;code java&#62;&lt;/nowiki></code> or <code>&lt;nowiki>&#60;file java&#62;&lt;/nowiki></code>.
</p>
<pre class="code java"><span class="co3">/**
 * The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that
 * simply displays "Hello World!" to the standard output.
 */</span>
<span class="kw1">class</span> HelloWorldApp <span class="br0">{</span>
    <span class="kw1">public</span> <span class="kw1">static</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=allinurl%3Adocs.oracle.com+javase+docs+api+string"><span class="kw3">String</span></a><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> args<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
        <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=allinurl%3Adocs.oracle.com+javase+docs+api+system"><span class="kw3">System</span></a>.<span class="me1">out</span>.<span class="me1">println</span><span class="br0">(</span>"Hello World<span class="sy0">!</span>"<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="co1">//Display the string.</span>
    <span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
The following language strings are currently recognized: <em>4cs 6502acme 6502kickass 6502tasm 68000devpac abap actionscript3 actionscript ada aimms algol68 apache applescript apt_sources arm asm asp asymptote autoconf autohotkey autoit avisynth awk bascomavr bash basic4gl batch bf biblatex bibtex blitzbasic bnf boo caddcl cadlisp ceylon cfdg cfm chaiscript chapel cil c_loadrunner clojure c_mac cmake cobol coffeescript c cpp cpp-qt cpp-winapi csharp css cuesheet c_winapi dart dcl dcpu16 dcs delphi diff div dos dot d ecmascript eiffel email epc e erlang euphoria ezt f1 falcon fo fortran freebasic freeswitch fsharp gambas gdb genero genie gettext glsl gml gnuplot go groovy gwbasic haskell haxe hicest hq9plus html html4strict html5 icon idl ini inno intercal io ispfpanel java5 java javascript jcl j jquery julia kixtart klonec klonecpp kotlin latex lb ldif lisp llvm locobasic logtalk lolcode lotusformulas lotusscript lscript lsl2 lua m68k magiksf make mapbasic mathematica matlab mercury metapost mirc mk-61 mmix modula2 modula3 mpasm mxml mysql nagios netrexx newlisp nginx nimrod nsis oberon2 objc objeck ocaml-brief ocaml octave oobas oorexx oracle11 oracle8 oxygene oz parasail parigp pascal pcre perl6 perl per pf phix php-brief php pic16 pike pixelbender pli plsql postgresql postscript povray powerbuilder powershell proftpd progress prolog properties providex purebasic pycon pys60 python qbasic qml q racket rails rbs rebol reg rexx robots roff rpmspec rsplus ruby rust sas sass scala scheme scilab scl sdlbasic smalltalk smarty spark sparql sql sshconfig standardml stonescript swift systemverilog tclegg tcl teraterm texgraph text thinbasic tsql twig typoscript unicon upc urbi uscript vala vbnet vb vbscript vedit verilog vhdl vim visualfoxpro visualprolog whitespace whois winbatch wolfram xbasic xml xojo xorg_conf xpp yaml z80 zxbasic</em>
</p>

<p>
There are additional <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/syntax_highlighting" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/syntax_highlighting">advanced options</a> available for syntax highlighting, such as highlighting lines or adding line numbers.
</p>

</div>

<h3 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Downloadable Code Blocks</h3>
<div class="level3">

<p>
When you use the <code>&lt;code&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;file&gt;</code> syntax as above, you might want to make the shown code available for download as well. You can do this by specifying a file name after language code like this:
</p>
<pre class="code">&lt;file php myexample.php&gt;
&lt;?php echo "hello world!"; ?&gt;
&lt;/file&gt;

</pre><p> </p>
<dl class="file">
<dt><a href="/doku.php?do=export_code&id=en:wiki:syntax&codeblock=8" title="Download Snippet" class="mediafile mf_php">myexample.php</a></dt>
<dd><pre class="code file php">< ?php <span class="kw1">echo</span> "hello world<span class="sy0">!</span>"<span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="sy1">?></span>

</pre><p> </p>
</dd></dl>

<p>
If you don't want any highlighting but want a downloadable file, specify a dash (<code>-</code>) as the language code: <code>&lt;nowiki>&#60;code - myfile&#46;foo&#62;&lt;/nowiki></code>.
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">RSS/ATOM Feed Aggregation</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
<a href="/doku.php?id=en:wiki:dokuwiki" class="wikilink2" title="en:wiki:dokuwiki" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="en:wiki:dokuwiki">DokuWiki</a> can integrate data from external XML feeds. For parsing the XML feeds, <a href="http://simplepie.org/" class="urlextern" title="http://simplepie.org/" rel="ugc nofollow">SimplePie</a> is used. All formats understood by SimplePie can be used in DokuWiki as well. You can influence the rendering by multiple additional space separated parameters:
</p>

<span class='np_break'> </span>
<div class="table-responsive"><table class="inline table table-striped table-condensed">
	<thead>
	<tr class="row0">
		<th class="leftalign"> Parameter  </th><th class="col1"> Description </th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="col0"> any number </td><td class="col1"> will be used as maximum number items to show, defaults to 8 </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="leftalign"> reverse    </td><td class="col1"> display the last items in the feed first </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="leftalign"> author     </td><td class="col1"> show item authors names </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row4">
		<td class="leftalign"> date       </td><td class="col1"> show item dates </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row5">
		<td class="col0"> description</td><td class="col1"> show the item description. All HTML tags will be stripped </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row6">
		<td class="leftalign"> nosort     </td><td class="col1"> do not sort the items in the feed </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row7">
		<td class="col0"> <em>n</em>[dhm] </td><td class="col1"> refresh period, where d=days, h=hours, m=minutes. (e.g. 12h = 12 hours). </td>
	</tr>
</table>
<span class='np_break'> </span>
</div>
<p>
The refresh period defaults to 4 hours. Any value below 10 minutes will be treated as 10 minutes. <a href="/doku.php?id=wiki:dokuwiki" class="wikilink1" title="wiki:dokuwiki" data-wiki-id="wiki:dokuwiki">DokuWiki</a> will generally try to supply a cached version of a page, obviously this is inappropriate when the page contains dynamic external content. The parameter tells <a href="/doku.php?id=wiki:dokuwiki" class="wikilink1" title="wiki:dokuwiki" data-wiki-id="wiki:dokuwiki">DokuWiki</a> to re-render the page if it is more than <em>refresh period</em> since the page was last rendered.
</p>

<p>
By default the feed will be sorted by date, newest items first. You can sort it by oldest first using the <code>reverse</code> parameter, or display the feed as is with <code>nosort</code>.
</p>

<p>
<b>Example:</b>
</p>
<pre class="code">{ { rss>Feed:slashdot.org/index.rss 5 author date 1h }}

</pre><p> </p>

<p>
{ { rss>Feed:slashdot.org/index.rss 5 author date 1h }}
</p>

</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Control Macros</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
Some syntax influences how DokuWiki renders a page without creating any output it self. The following control macros are availble:
</p>

<span class='np_break'> </span>
<div class="table-responsive"><table class="inline table table-striped table-condensed">
	<thead>
	<tr class="row0">
		<th class="leftalign"> Macro           </th><th class="col1"> Description </th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="leftalign"> &lt;nowiki>~ ~ NOTOC~ ~ &lt;/nowiki>   </td><td class="col1"> If this macro is found on the page, no table of contents will be created </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="col0"> &lt;nowiki>~ ~ NOCACHE~ ~ &lt;/nowiki> </td><td class="col1"> DokuWiki caches all output by default. Sometimes this might not be wanted (eg. when the &lt;nowiki>&#60;php&#62;&lt;/nowiki> syntax above is used), adding this macro will force DokuWiki to rerender a page on every call </td>
	</tr>
</table>
<span class='np_break'> </span>
</div>
</div>

<h2 class="page-header pb-3 mb-4 mt-5">Syntax Plugins</h2>
<div class="level2">

<p>
DokuWiki's syntax can be extended by <a href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/plugins" class="interwiki iw_doku" title="https://www.dokuwiki.org/plugins">Plugins</a>. How the installed plugins are used is described on their appropriate description pages. The following syntax plugins are available in this particular DokuWiki installation:
</p>
~~INFO:syntaxplugins~~
</div>
<hr/><div class="footnotes">
<div class="fn"><sup><a href="#fnt__1" id="fn__1" class="fn_bot">1)</a></sup> 
<div class="content">This is a footnote</div></div>
<div class="fn"><sup><a href="#fnt__2" id="fn__2" class="fn_bot">2)</a></sup> 
<div class="content">when the aspect ratio of the given width and height doesn't match that of the image, it will be cropped to the new ratio before resizing</div></div>
</div>

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